Motivation & Overview
In modern societies there is a growing requirement for public administrations to directly communicate with their citizens, view the existing problems from their perspective and re-act to their needs. In meeting this requirement, modern technologies have become a particularly valuable instrument that, apart from being a rich source of information, is also an integral part of our daily activities. Web and mobile civic engagement apps are able to transform citizens into the living sensors of their city and, in this way, help them to actively participate in the improvement of their neighborhood. Fulfilling this goal, ImproveMyCity is a platform that, on the one hand, enables citizens to directly report issues about their neighborhood (e.g. potholes, illegal trash dumping, faulty street lights, broken tiles on sidewalks, and illegal advertising boards), and, on the other hand, provides the necessary back-end infrastructure and interfaces for public servants to keep track of the reported issues, schedule their settlement and provide feedback to the citizen about the progress status. The reported cases go directly into the city’s work order queue for resolution, and users are informed how quickly the case will be closed. When cases are resolved the date and time of the resolution is listed, providing users with the sense that the city is on the job. In this way, ImproveMyCity helps Municipalities to enlist new segments of the population —people who had not previously participated in government—and bring their concerns, insight, energy, and commitment to reinvigorate not only the city but also the government.
Video 1:Core concept of ImproveMyCity.
The ImproveMyCity platform is structured as a client-server application and is implemented as an extension of the Joomla framework. The platform consists of a web- based portal for allowing citizens to report issues from their desktop PC, a smartphone application for android devices that allows citizens to do the same process through their mobile phone and a back-end infrastructure for allowing the governmental agencies to easily handle the reported issues. The source code is available in GitHub both for the web-based front-end and the back-end infrastructure, as well as for the mobile front-end. All source codes are provided with detailed user guides explaining how to download and install the applications and are licensed under the under the GNU Affero General Public License. The web-based front-end and back-end infrastructure are also available through the official Joomla Extension Directory (JED).
Service model & Key features
The service model of ImproveMyCity is based on three main pillars: Report – Administer – Analyze. City residents are urged to directly report to their public administration local issues about their neighborhood. Subsequently, the reported issues are automatically transmitted to the appropriate office in public administration so as to schedule their settlement. The administration (i.e. management and routing) of incoming issues is performed through a back-end infrastructure that serves as an integrated management system, allowing the governmental agencies to easily handle the reported issues. Finally, data analysis is performed through a visual analytics tool that employs heatmap-based visualizations and spatio-temporal filters with the aim to offer decision makers valuable insights for improving the city operation. The key features can be summarized as follows:
Report – Citizens requests, complaints & suggestions
- Submitted via web or mobile: By allowing citizens to report issues from their home using the web version, or while on the street using the mobile app (iOS &Android)
- Easily composed but descriptive: By asking citizens to provide only the information necessary to locate and resolve the issue, such as title, description, location and category.
- Accurately positioned: By offering a map to facilitate citizens in determining the exact location of their issue.
- Picture enabled: By allowing to attach an image on the spot for describing the issue.
- Categorized based on their nature: By urging citizens to select one of the pre-specified categories reflecting the municipality departments.
- Commented and voted: By offering the mechanisms to post comments or vote for issues that have been submitted by other citizens.
Administer – Citizens issues through an integrated management system
- Browse effectively: Issues are presented on the city map, as an ordered list but also in a single-issue page displaying the full set of submitted details.
- Distribute responsibilities: Assign one or more officers per category and split the administration effort across the municipality departments.
- Track pending issues: Issues are automatically routed not only to the appropriate department but also to the inbox of the responsible officer.
- Monitor progress and update citizens: Resolve issues and inform citizens by email or through a progress indication bar (Open->Acknowledged->Closed).
- Provide direct feedback: Provide written feedback to the citizens giving non-standard explanations for each specific case.
- Customize easily: Fully customize the system in terms of user rights, number and nature of categories, notification rules and localization settings.
Analyse – Citizens data to gain city insights
- Filter and explore: Combine temporal filters with free keyword-based search and dynamically explore citizens’ data through interactive visualizations.
- Aggregate and visualize: Aggregate data based on their spatial density or statistical frequency and visualize them using heatmaps, tag-clouds, color codes and pie charts.
- Discover hidden patterns: Observe spatio-temporal tendencies, unexpected periodicities, significant outliers, popular issues and prevailing terms.
- Translate patterns into insights: Identify areas with dissatisfied citizens, under-performing departments due to heavy workload, seasonal burden on city infrastructures, etc.
Interface & Installation
The ImproveMyCity platform consists of four main interaction components: a) The web-based front-end for reporting issues through a desktop PC, b) The smartphone-based front-end for reporting issues through a mobile phone, c) the back-end infrastructure and related interfaces for administering the incoming issues, and d) the analyics component for visualizing the reported issues in an interactive manner.
 Figure 2: Web-based front-end for issue reporting. |
 Figure 3: Mobile apps for issue reporting. |
 Figure 4: Integrated system for managing incoming issues. |
 Figure 5: Visual analytics for dynamic data exploration. |
Since the web-based front-end and the back-end infrastructure and interfaces are developed as standard Joomla components, their installation and running is a plain process. Indeed after a few simple steps the ImproveMyCity back-end infrastructure and the web-based front-end are ready to be used and administered. Similarly, the mobile front-end requires a few extra steps, so as to connect with the server and get synchronized with the web-based front-end. Moreover, due to its nature, ImproveMyCity has been specifically designed to make fully customizable all parameters needed to localize the platform for a certain city. In this respect all language-related menus, geo-positioning related parameters and layout options, are accessible through external files that can be easily edited. Moreover, particular attention has been placed on language-based localization by initiating and maintaining a crowdsourcing project in Transifex.
User-centered design
ImproveMyCity has been developed in close cooperation with the end-users in a co-design process with successive innovation cycles. More specifically, particular attention has been paid in engaging the end-users during the functional and aesthetic design of the application. After identifying the end-user groups (i.e. city stakeholders, citizens, service providers and city visitors), the development team of ImproveMyCity has followed a systematic approach for bringing these groups into the application design loop, including: a) Users’ briefing through informative events focused on specific topics / user groups – including their follow-ups, informative media (demos / videos / newsletters / posters / text messages / forums) to communicate information to users, b) Gathering user’s feedback, by asking users to provide information about their opinion or specific ideas or initiatives, as part of the application optimization process, c) Lead users’ engagement in testing, which encouraged the involvement of users in planning specific actions and influencing decisions. This included one-off, specifically focused events, working groups, focus groups, workshops, questionnaires and interviews. In implementing the aforementioned approach the team of ImproveMyCity has developed a number of early demos that were communicated to the end-users (together with a survey questionnaire) through the official portal of the Municipality. Subsequently, the end users were asked to get familiarized with the version.0 of the application, interact with the demos and complete the questionnaire. At the end of the procedure, all end user groups were familiarized with the demos and they were able to proceed to the evaluation of the applications via the questionnaire. At this point, the development team of ImproveMyCity, taking into consideration the results of the questionnaire, the observations and remarks from lead users and their own experience and opinion; proceeded to the addition of new features and improved the functionality of the initial version, leading to version.1 of the application. This marked the completion of the first innovation cycle. Successive innovation cycles continued to take place as initially designed, until the ImproveMyCity platform reached its final form.
Figure 1: User involvement strategy for successive open innovation cycles.
Showcase
A demo installation of ImproveMyCity has been setup to lively demonstrate the features of the application. You can navigate through a set of fictionary issues in order to get in touch with the application workflow and functionality. See the application running, submit issues through the Android or the iPhone App and watch them appear in the demo installation.
Figure 5: Demo installation.
Highlights & Future Plans
The ImproveMyCity platform was originally deployed in the Municipality of Thermi, Greece in April 2012. One year later more than 500 users were registered, generating more than 585 issues and 1350 comments. Since its official release as an open source software, ImproveMyCity has been viewed more than 15000 times and downloaded more than 3800 times. Based on our current records (June 2014) there are more than 35 intallations (active & pilot) around the globe. Although the idea of engaging citizens into a two-way dialogue with their administration for improving their urban space has been around for some time, e.g. FixMyStreet, SeeClickFix, BuitenBeter, ImproveMyCity is the first integrated solution that is made available as open source and covers the full-chain of information flow, ranging from the desktop user that reports issues from the leisure of his home and the mobile citizen that reports issues while on the move, all the way to the back-end management system for administering the incoming issues and the reports with aggregated statistics for performance assessment and future planning of resources. Moreover, characterized by its simple installation process, its extensive customization options and its minimum requirements in terms of additional hardware or external software libraries, ImproveMyCity is ideal for municipalities that don’t want to invest many resources until they are convinced about the benefits of citizen-government collaboration for urban maintenance and improvement. Our future plans include the extension of the existing back-end infrastructure for administering the incoming issues, with a sophisticated ticketing system that will allow for dynamic responsibility allocation and close progress monitoring. On the mobile side, our next step will be towards becoming more integrated with social media by allowing users to login with their social accounts and share their ImproveMyCity-related activity with their friends.
References
I. Tsampoulatidis, D. Ververidis, P. Tsarchopoulos, S. Nikolopoulos, I. Kompatsiaris and N. Komninos, ImproveMyCity – An open source platform for direct citizen-government communication, The 21st ACM International Conference on Multimedia – Open Source Software Competition, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain, October 21-25, 2013
Bogdan Carbunar is an assistant professor in the School of Computing and Information Sciences at the Florida International University. Previously, he held various researcher positions within the Applied Research Center at Motorola. His research interests include distributed systems, security and applied cryptography. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Purdue University.
Rahul Potharaju is an Applied Scientist at Microsoft. Before that, he earned his obtained his PhD degree in the Computer Science from Purdue University and Master’s degree in Computer Science from Northwestern University. Rahul is passionate about transforming big data into actionable insights and building large-scale data-intensive systems, with a particular interest in analytics-as-a-service clouds and automated problem inference systems. He is a recipient of the Motorola Engineering Excellence award in 2009 and the Purdue Diamond Award in 2014. His research has been adopted by several business groups inside Microsoft and has won the Microsoft Trustworthy Reliability Computing Award in 2013.
Michael Pearce attended Iowa State University and the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at Motorola Solutions and a Motorola Solutions Science Advisory Board Associate. He is currently leading a team investigating hybrid cloud computing, data analytics, and dynamic fault tolerant distributed systems.
Venu Vasudevan is Senior Director of the Multi-Screen Media & Analytics team at Arris Advanced Technologies, and Adjunct Assistant Professor at Rice University’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He leads research efforts on media delivery architectures for advancing television and multi-screen platforms with specific emphasis on the applications of sensing, media analytics and data science to interactive TV, content discovery and advanced advertising. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from The Ohio State University and a B.S. from the Indian Institute of Technology in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Dr. Vasudevan has served as a speaker and panelist at industry events such as Yankee Group, Digital Hollywood and the Pelorus Group summits. He also serves on several NSF panels on Small Business Innovation. He has published more than 50 conference, journal and book publications and has over ten issued patents. He won the best paper award at IEEE Percom 2009 and received recognition from the Hawaii International Conference and the ACM Convergence on Small and Personal Computers.
Michael Needham is a Principal Engineer for Roberson and Associates. Before that, he was a researcher with Motorola for more than 20 years. He has extensive knowledge and experience in a broad range of technologies related to the telecommunications and video media industries, with very strong analytical and communication skills. He has received 25 U.S. patents and 2 best paper awards.
